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공개·회원 8명

2023년 8월 28일

UFONet: A Disruptive Toolkit for DoS and DDoS Attacks with P2P and Crypto Features

What is UFONet and how does it work?

UFONet is a free software, P2P and cryptographic toolkit that allows to perform DoS and DDoS attacks on the Layer 7 (APP/HTTP) through the exploitation of Open Redirect vectors on third-party websites to act as a botnet and on the Layer 3 (Network) abusing the protocol. It also works as an encrypted DarkNET to publish and receive content by creating a global client/server network based on a direct-connect P2P architecture. In this article, we will explore the features, capabilities, risks, challenges, ethical and legal implications, and benefits and limitations of UFONet as a disruptive tool for hacktivism and cyberwarfare, as well as a DarkNET for anonymous communication and content sharing.

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UFONet: A free software, P2P and cryptographic toolkit

UFONet is an open source project that was created by Epsylon, a hacktivist and researcher from Spain. The project started in 2010 as a proof-of-concept to demonstrate how Open Redirect vectors could be used to amplify DoS attacks. Since then, UFONet has evolved into a sophisticated toolkit that combines multiple techniques and methods to launch powerful attacks against web servers, networks, and devices. UFONet is written in Python and runs on many platforms, including Linux, Windows, MacOS, Android, iOS, Raspberry Pi, etc. It requires Python (>=3) and some libraries to work properly.

Features and capabilities of UFONet

Some of the main features and capabilities of UFONet are:

It can perform DoS attacks by sending HTTP GET requests to a target URL with a predefined list of User-Agents.

It can perform DDoS attacks by exploiting Open Redirect vectors on third-party websites to redirect traffic to a target URL. These websites act as zombies that amplify the attack without being aware of it.

It can perform Layer 3 attacks by abusing the protocol with different techniques, such as TCP/UDP/ICMP/SYN/ACK/RST/FIN/FRAGGLE/XMAS/SNIPER/PINGER/MONLIST/NUKE/OVERLAP packets.

It can perform Layer 7 attacks by using different methods, such as LOIC/LORIS/UFOSYN/UFORST/SPRAY/SMURF/DROPER/TACHYON/UFOACK/UFOUDP.

It can create a botnet of zombies by scanning the web for vulnerable websites that have Open Redirect vectors. It can also import or export lists of zombies from/to different formats.

It can create a DarkNET by encrypting the traffic between clients and servers with AES-256-CBC algorithm. It can also publish and receive content anonymously with a simple web interface.

It can perform various tests and checks on the target URL, such as ping, traceroute, whois, geoip, nmap, etc.

It has a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows to control all the options and features easily. It also has a command-line interface (CLI) that allows to automate tasks and scripts.

How to install and use UFONet

To install UFONet, you can either download the source code from GitHub or use pip to install it from GitHub or use pip to install it. Here are the steps to install UFONet:

Download the source code from [2]( or use pip to install it: pip3 install ufonet

Extract the zip file or navigate to the ufonet folder: cd ufonet

Run the setup script to install the dependencies: sudo python3 setup.py install

Run UFONet with the following command: python3 ufonet

You can also use the GUI option to launch UFONet with a graphical interface: python3 ufonet --gui

To use UFONet, you need to have a list of zombies, which are websites that have Open Redirect vectors. You can scan the web for zombies with UFONet, import them from a file, or export them to a file. You can also check the status and availability of your zombies. To launch an attack, you need to specify the target URL, the number of rounds, and the type of attack. You can also customize other options, such as User-Agents, Referers, Proxies, etc. You can also test and check the target URL with various tools, such as ping, traceroute, whois, geoip, nmap, etc.

UFONet: A disruptive tool for hacktivism and cyberwarfare

UFONet is not only a toolkit for performing DoS and DDoS attacks, but also a disruptive tool for hacktivism and cyberwarfare. Hacktivism is the use of hacking techniques and digital tools to promote a political or social cause. Cyberwarfare is the use of cyberattacks to disrupt, damage, or destroy an adversary's information systems, networks, or devices. UFONet can be used by hacktivists and cyberwarriors to target websites or servers that belong to governments, corporations, organizations, or individuals that they oppose or want to harm.

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Types of attacks supported by UFONet

UFONet supports various types of attacks that can be classified into two categories: Layer 7 (APP/HTTP) attacks and Layer 3 (Network) attacks. Layer 7 attacks target the application layer of the OSI model, which is responsible for providing services to user applications, such as web browsers. Layer 7 attacks aim to exhaust the resources of the web server or application by sending a large number of requests that require processing or response. Layer 3 attacks target the network layer of the OSI model, which is responsible for routing packets across networks. Layer 3 attacks aim to disrupt the communication between the source and the destination by sending malformed or spoofed packets that cause errors or congestion.

Some examples of Layer 7 attacks supported by UFONet are:

DoS: A simple attack that sends HTTP GET requests to a target URL with a predefined list of User-Agents.

DDoS: A complex attack that exploits Open Redirect vectors on third-party websites to redirect traffic to a target URL. These websites act as zombies that amplify the attack without being aware of it.

LORIS: A slow attack that sends partial HTTP requests to a target URL and keeps the connections open as long as possible.

TACHYON: A fast attack that sends multiple HTTP requests with random parameters to a target URL in order to bypass caching mechanisms.

XMAS: A stealthy attack that sends TCP packets with all flags set (FIN, URG, PSH) to a target URL in order to confuse firewalls and IDS systems.

Some examples of Layer 3 attacks supported by UFONet are:

TCP/UDP/ICMP/SYN/ACK/RST/FIN/FRAGGLE/XMAS/SNIPER/PINGER/MONLIST/NUKE/OVERLAP packets: Different types of packets that can be used to flood a target IP address or port with various flags or payloads.

UFOSYN: A SYN flood attack that sends TCP packets with SYN flag set and spoofed source IP address to a target port in order to consume its resources.

UFORST: A RST flood attack that sends TCP packets with RST flag set and spoofed source IP address to a target port in order to disrupt its connections.

UFOACK: An ACK flood attack that sends TCP packets with ACK flag set and spoofed source IP address to a target port in order to overwhelm its bandwidth.

UFOUDP: A UDP flood attack that sends UDP packets with random payload and spoofed source IP address to a target port in order to saturate its bandwidth.

UFONUKE: A nuke attack that sends IP packets with overlapping fragments and spoofed source IP address to a target IP address in order to crash its system.

Risks and challenges of using UFONet

While UFONet can be a powerful tool for hacktivism and cyberwarfare, it also comes with some risks and challenges that users should be aware of. Some of these are:

It can be detected and blocked by firewalls, IDS, IPS, WAF, or other security systems that monitor and filter the network traffic.

It can be traced and tracked by law enforcement agencies or other adversaries that have access to the network logs or the zombies' servers.

It can be counterattacked or retaliated by the target or its allies that have the capability and resources to launch their own attacks.

It can be compromised or corrupted by malware, spyware, backdoors, or other malicious code that can infect the user's system or the zombies' servers.

It can be unreliable or ineffective due to network latency, packet loss, zombie availability, target resilience, or other factors that can affect the performance of the attack.